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Introduction to JavaFX Controller

JavaFX controller works based on MVC(Model-View-Controller). JavaFX MVC can be achieved by FXML (EFF-ects eXtended Markup Language). As in HTML, FXML is an XML-based language to develop graphical user interfaces for JavaFX applications. FXML can be used to build an entire GUI application scene or part of a GUI application scene. This FXML allows developers to separate User Interface logic from the business logic. Suppose User Interface in your JavaFX application; then no need to compile the application even if we have done some changes to the application. We can edit the FXML in the editor and re-run the app if we want.

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Real-Time Example: Whenever a user wants to change a specific part of the standalone application, courses portion an application. We know new courses always come to the market, so that we can re-compile the code every time. So, in that case, we can use FXML in the controller class.

What is the FXML Controller?

Here, we discuss the FXML controller in JavaFX with an explanation.

Explanation:

You can observe that all components are specified just like HTML

NOTE: You can also use plain JavaFX logic to write the controller.

1. Importing Classes in FXML Controller

In the FXML controller, we must import classes as below:

Syntax:

2. Loading FXML file in the controller

Loading the FXML file in the controller, we must import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader package.

Syntax:

FXMLLoader fxmlLoader = new FXMLLoader();//creating FXMLLoader object fxmlLoader.setLocation(new URL("path/fileName.fxml"));//accessing FXML file How Does FXML Controller Work in JavaFX?

We can set the controller class for the FXML document. The FXML controller class can bind the Graphical User Interface components declared within the FXML file together, making the controller object a mediator. We can set the controller for FXML in 2 ways:

1. Specifying Inside the FXML File Directly

Following is a syntax to Specify inside the FXML file directly.

Syntax:

Explanation:

fx: the controller is used to include the controller class.

2. Creating Separate FXML Controller Class

Following is a syntax to create a separate FXML controller class and include it with the FXML Loader instance to load the FXML file.

Syntax:

ClassNameOfController controllerInstance = new ClassNameOfController(); FXMLLoader fxmlLoader= new FXMLLoader(); fxmlLoader.setControllercontrollerInstance(controllerInstance);

We can also include CSS styles and JavaScript in the FXML file inside the component.

Syntax:

-fx-property: value;//CSS Examples of JavaFX Controller Example #1 – FXML Controller with Label and Field

FXML Code:

FXMLLabelTextFieldController.fxml

JavaFX Code:

FXMLLabelTextFieldController.java

package com.fxml.controller; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import javafx.application.Application; import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader; import javafx.scene.Scene; import javafx.scene.layout.HBox; import javafx.stage.Stage; public class FXMLController extends Application { @Override public void start(Stage outStage) throws IOException { outStage.setTitle("FXML Controller Demo"); FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader(); String fxmlActualPath = "C://Users//paramesh//Desktop//Desktop//Verinon Purpose//FXMLController//src//com//fxml//controller/FXMLController.fxml"; FileInputStream fxmlStream = new FileInputStream(fxmlActualPath); HBox hBox = (HBox) loader.load(fxmlStream); Scene screen = new Scene(hBox); outStage.setScene(screen); outStage.show(); } public static void main(String[] args) { Application.launch(args); } }

Output:

Explanation:

First, we created an FXML file with HBox, Label, and TextFields and imported them with their packages.

Next, we created a Controller class and load the FXML file. Then executed.

On the above screen, you see the output.

Example #2 – FXML Controller with Button and Label

FXML Code:

FXMLAddingButtonsController.fxml

JavaFX Code:

package com.fxml.controller; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import javafx.application.Application; import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader; import javafx.scene.Scene; import javafx.scene.layout.VBox; import javafx.stage.Stage; public class FXMLAddingButtonsController extends Application { @Override public void start(Stage outStage) throws IOException { outStage.setTitle("FXML Controller Button with CSS Styles"); FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader(); String fxmlActualPath = "C://Users//paramesh//Desktop//Desktop//Verinon Purpose//FXMLController//src//com//fxml//controller/FXMLLabelAddingButtonController.fxml"; FileInputStream fxmlStream = new FileInputStream(fxmlActualPath); VBox vBox = (VBox) loader.load(fxmlStream); Scene screen = new Scene(vBox, 500, 500); outStage.setScene(screen); outStage.show(); } public static void main(String[] args) { Application.launch(args); } }

Output:

Explanation:

First, we created an FXML file with VBox and Multiple Buttons and imported them with their packages.

Next, we created a Controller class and load the FXML file. Then executed.

On the above screen, you see the output.

Example #3 – FXML Controller Button Action

FXML Code:

FXMLButtonActionController.fxml

function showDetails() { }

JavaFX Code:

FXMLButtonActionController.java

package com.fxml.controller; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import javafx.application.Application; import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader; import javafx.scene.Scene; import javafx.scene.layout.VBox; import javafx.stage.Stage; public class FXMLButtonActionController extends Application { public static void main(String[] args) { Application.launch(args); } @Override public void start(Stage stage) throws IOException { FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader(); String fxmlDocPath = "C://Users//paramesh//Desktop//Desktop//Verinon Purpose//FXMLController//src//com//fxml//controller/FXMLButtonActionController.fxml"; FileInputStream fxmlStream = new FileInputStream(fxmlDocPath); VBox root = (VBox) loader.load(fxmlStream); Scene scene = new Scene(root,300,300); stage.setScene(scene); stage.setTitle("A simple FXML Example"); stage.show(); } }

Output:

Explanation:

First, we created an FXML file with VBox, Labels, Text Fields, and Buttons and imported them with their packages.

Next, we created a Controller class and load the FXML file. Then executed.

On the above screen, you see the output.